How to clean up artisanal mining
Fri Oct 18 2024
Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) stands out as a distinctive, and traditionally controversial, area within the global mining landscape. However, this informal sector plays a crucial role in supporting the economies of many developing nations, providing livelihoods for an estimated 45 million people globally.
While it also brings with it significant challenges in terms of environmental impact, social issues and regulatory complexities, understanding the multifaceted dynamics of artisanal and small-scale mining is essential. Its influence on local and national economies, and the possibilities for fostering more sustainable and efficient practices, is key to addressing its complex role in the global mining landscape.
The double-edged sword of artisanal mining
Across the developing world, from the Andes to the African Savannah, ASM has emerged as a vital livelihood strategy for millions of people. In rural communities where economic opportunities are scarce, the promise of mineral wealth – such as gold, diamonds or other precious resources – offers a tantalising path out of poverty.
The economic impact of ASM is also substantial. It produces a significant portion of the world’s supply of critical minerals like gold, cobalt, tin, tungsten and tantalum – resources that are essential for modern technologies and industries. In 2023, Ghana mined 4.03 million ounces of gold, largely driven by increased output from ASM.
However, this economic lifeline can come at a steep cost to the environment. The environmental destruction wrought by unregulated ASM operations is often severe with instances where forests are cleared, farmlands are destroyed and rivers are polluted with toxic chemicals like mercury and cyanide used in gold processing.
The air quality in mining areas also frequently suffers due to dust and emissions from rudimentary processing methods. These environmental impacts not only degrade local ecosystems but also pose serious health risks to miners and surrounding communities.
Source: https://www.mining-technology.com/